Wildfire Home Hardening Guide

Home hardening makes a home more resistant to ignition from wildfire embers, radiant heat, and direct flame contact. Research following major wildfires found that most homes ignited from embers landing on vulnerable spots rather than direct flame contact.

The most vulnerable areas are under decks and balconies, attic vents, exterior vents, and windows. Enclosing under-deck spaces, installing ember-resistant vent covers, and using tempered glass windows significantly reduces ignition risk.

Roofing material is the single most important factor in home survival. Class A rated roofing—concrete tile, metal, or rated asphalt shingles—provides the best protection against ember ignition.

Keep gutters clear of debris. Accumulated leaves and pine needles ignite from wind-blown embers and spread fire to the roof edge. Monthly gutter cleaning is a critical maintenance task in wildfire-prone areas.